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| 1、挂载一块硬盘：（120G）
创建分区：
[root@localhost 桌面]# fdisk –l //查看当前挂载的硬盘情况
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023cf9
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 2576 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 2576 5125 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 5125 13055 63691776 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5126 7675 20480000 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 7675 7936 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 7937 13055 41111552 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@localhost 桌面]# fdisk /dev/sdb //进入交互式界面
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x16d0d17d.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-15665, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-15665, default 15665): +20G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (2613-15665, default 2613):
Using default value 2613
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2613-15665, default 15665): +20G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (5225-15665, default 5225):
Using default value 5225
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5225-15665, default 15665): +20G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x16d0d17d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 5225 7836 20980890 83 Linux
2、改8e（逻辑卷类型）
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 15665 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x16d0d17d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2612 20980858+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2613 5224 20980890 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 5225 7836 20980890 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3、创建物理卷：
[root@www ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
[root@www ~]# pvdisplay （查看）
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "20.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 20.01 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID ISJqbg-Bbsn-SmaH-96dq-YRLf-KvZ1-aGC8PB
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "20.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 20.01 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID PXryjG-r2gN-d6vY-T0yp-kAGo-ywOo-W7upqv
"/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "20.01 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb3
VG Name
PV Size 20.01 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID OjRATX-tGQJ-rrei-bCFu-HAmf-XdrS-5OcrdU
4、创建卷组：
[root@www ~]# vgcreate juanzu /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
//创建了一个叫juanzu的卷组
Volume group "juanzu" successfully created
[root@www ~]# vgdisplay （查看卷组）
--- Volume group ---
VG Name juanzu
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 60.02 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 15366
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 15366 / 60.02 GiB
VG UUID wM41Ud-Nqq6-LaI4-11lG-9P7h-AClr-F9GfU1
5、创建逻辑卷：
[root@www ~]# lvcreate -L 30G -n luojijuan juanzu
//从卷组sb中划出30G创建了一个逻辑卷luojijuan
Logical volume "luojijuan" created
[root@www ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
LV Name luojijuan
VG Name juanzu
LV UUID 7zXdd7-1xFz-Uq82-g3mB-MyfW-0uf3-97SCag
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time www, 2016-10-18 21:41:17 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 30.00 GiB
Current LE 7680
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@www ~]# lvdisplay /dev/juanzu/luojijuan （单独看一个逻辑卷）
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
LV Name luojijuan
VG Name juanzu
LV UUID 7zXdd7-1xFz-Uq82-g3mB-MyfW-0uf3-97SCag
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time www, 2016-10-18 21:41:17 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 30.00 GiB
Current LE 7680
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
6、给逻辑卷扩容
[root@www ~]# lvextend -L +10G /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
//给逻辑卷luojijuan扩容10G，由30G扩充到了40G
Extending logical volume s11 to 40.00 GiB
Logical volume s11 successfully resized
[root@www ~]# lvdisplay /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
LV Name luojijuan
VG Name juanzu
LV UUID 7zXdd7-1xFz-Uq82-g3mB-MyfW-0uf3-97SCag
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time www, 2016-10-18 21:41:17 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 40.00 GiB
Current LE 10240
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
7、格式化
[root@www ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/juanzu/luojijuan
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10485760 blocks
524288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
8、挂载
[root@www ~]# mkdir /aaa 创建/aaa目录
[root@www ~]# mount /dev/juanzu/luojijuan /aaa 挂载
[root@www ~]# resize2fs /dev/juanzu/luojijuan 操作系统重新识别逻辑卷大小
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
The filesystem is already 10485760 blocks long. Nothing to do!
9、验证：逻辑卷挂载成功
[root@www ~]# mount
/dev/sda7 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda5 on /usr type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojijuan on /aaa type ext4 (rw)
10、重新挂载并添加配额功能：用户配额、组配额
[root@www ~]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /dev/juanzu/luojijuan /aaa
//重新挂载，并且为用户和组添加磁盘配额属性
[root@www ~]# mount
/dev/sda7 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0")
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda5 on /usr type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojijuan on /aaa type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
11、给aaa设置最大权限，方便后面写入（测试用，允许用户写入数据）
[root@www ~]# chmod 777 /aaa
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab（在文件中添加如下内容）
/dev/juanzu/luojijuan /aaa ext4 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0{关闭SELinux进程（沙盒），系统的安全守护进程}
[root@www ~]# ll /aaa（确认里面没有配置文件）
12、检测磁盘配额设置并生成配额文件：
[root@www ~]# quotacheck -augcv
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/mapper/sb-s11 [/aaa] done
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /aaa/aquota.user: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /aaa/aquota.group: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /aaa/aquota.user: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /aaa/aquota.group: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be substracted.
quotacheck: Checked 2 directories and 0 files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
quotacheck: Old file not found.
13、已经生成配额文件
[root@www ~]# ll /aaa
总用量 32
-rw-------. 1 root root 6144 10月 18 22:46 aquota.group
-rw-------. 1 root root 6144 10月 18 22:46 aquota.user
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 10月 18 22:25 lost+found
14、创建测试用户，并为用户设置磁盘配额（限制为可以创建3个文件，3个以上则不允许创建）
[root@www ~]# useradd zhangsan
[root@www ~]# edquota -u zhangsan
Disk quotas for user zhangsan (uid 501):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/juanzu-luojijuan 0 0 0 0 0 3
15、启用磁盘配额：
[root@www ~]# quotaon -ugv /aaa
/dev/mapper/sb-s11 [/aaa]: group quotas turned on
/dev/mapper/sb-s11 [/aaa]: user quotas turned on
16、验证：
[root@www ~]# su zhangsan 切换到测试用户zhangsan
[zhangsan@www root]$ cd /aaa 切换到逻辑卷挂载目录
[zhangsan@www aaa]$ touch 1.txt
[zhangsan@www aaa]$ touch 2.txt
[zhangsan@www aaa]$ touch 3.txt
[zhangsan@www aaa]$ touch 4.txt 证明超出磁盘配额，无法创建第4个文件
dm-0: write failed, user file limit reached.
touch: 无法创建"4.txt": 超出磁盘限额
|
